雄性四倍体与雌性二倍体杂交培育全三倍体长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)的研究   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文

阙华勇  张国范  刘晓  郭希明  张福绥 《海洋与湖沼》2003,34(6):656-662

将美国雄性四倍体长牡蛎与中国北方海区雌性二倍体长牡蛎杂交 ,进行全三倍体长牡蛎培育研究。结果表明 ,四倍体与二倍体杂交的受精率为 47.4%─ 88.9% ,平均为 69.5 % ;来自同样雌贝的二倍体对照组的受精率平均为 91 .4%。杂交组和对照组面盘幼虫的平均孵化率分别为 5 3.9%和 61 .6% ;受精卵发育至稚贝的存活率 ,杂交组和对照组分别为 1 .3%和1 .9%。杂交组累计培育出眼点幼虫 8.32 4亿 ,稚贝 1 .843亿。杂交组幼虫的生长略快于对照组 ,但无显著差异。经流式细胞仪分析 ,杂交组的幼虫、稚贝、幼贝等均为 1 0 0 %三倍体。中国北方海区的长牡蛎可以与美国的雄性四倍体长牡蛎实现良好的杂交 ,产生 1 0 0 %三倍体。利用长牡蛎四倍体培育三倍体 ,方法简便高效 ,显示出四倍体在贝类三倍体商业生产中的巨大应用价值。  相似文献   

海水浸泡前后太平洋牡蛎卵子超微结构的比较研究     

任素莲  王德秀  绳秀珍  王如才 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2002,32(1):25-31

透射电镜下比较研究了海水浸泡前、后太平洋牡蛎卵子 (Crassostrea,gigas Thunberg)的超微结构。太平洋牡蛎卵子为均黄卵 ,由卵黄膜、质膜、卵质与卵核 4部分组成。卵质内除含有线粒体、内质网、高尔基体等细胞器之外 ,还含有多种来源的卵黄颗粒 ,但缺乏皮层颗粒。海水浸泡前 ,内质网含量少 ,线粒体丰富 ,集中分布在核膜附近 ,卵核 (生发泡 )未破裂 ;海水浸泡后 ,胞质含有十分丰富的粗面内质网 ,线粒体分散分布 ,生发泡破裂 ,卵子处于第一次成熟分裂中期 ,核仁存在 ,核仁组织中心与粗面内质网紧密相连。  相似文献   

近江牡蛎核糖体DNA片段基因序列及其分子分类研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

罗巍  邹丽珍  郑天凌  林荣澄 《台湾海峡》2005,24(3):322-329,i0001

本文应用分子系统发育学的方法,以“白蚝”和“赤蚝”的18SrDNA、ITS1和ITS2片段序列信息为分子标记,对它们的分类地位进行了探讨.综合上述3种分子标记的分析结果,初步认为“白蚝”应属于近江牡蛎,而“赤蚝”可能不属于近江牡蛎.  相似文献   

Small-scale Spatial Distribution of a Pyramidellid Snail Ectoparasite, Boonea impressa, in Relation to its Host, Crassostrea virginica, on Oyster Reefs     

E.N. Powell    M.E. White    E. A. Wilson  S.M. Ray 《Marine Ecology》1987,8(2):107-130

Abstract. The pyramidellid snail, Boonea (= Odostomia) impressa (SAY), is an important ectoparasite of the oyster, Crassostrea virginica (G melin ). The small-scale spatial distribution of snails was examined in 11 oyster populations in the Copano Bay - Aransas Bay area of the Texas coast. Snails were contagiously distributed (s²/>1) and positively spatially autocorrelated. Patchiness was better developed and patches were larger on enclosed reefs than on more exposed open-bay reefs, probably because higher wave energy and increased distance between oyster clumps limited clump-to-clump movement by snails on open-bay reefs. Small snails were consistently distributed differently from large snails because small snails were less host specific. As the snails grow, a narrowing of host preference results in a substantial change in spatial distribution. Snails were consistently more contagiously distributed than their hosts; however, snail distribution was not host-density dependent. Factors determining the spatial distribution of the host had surprisingly little effect on the distribution of snails. Snail aggregates apparently form randomly by chance meetings of a few snails and then grow by attraction of additional snails. Consequently, snail behavior, which determines the size and length of time a patch retains its integrity, and the age distribution of the snail population may be the two most important factors, besides population size, determining the impact of B. impressa on oyster populations.  相似文献   

牡蛎壳腔容积的两种测量方法比较   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

许飞  刘晓  张国范 《海洋科学》2007,31(7):15-19

为确定测量各种壳形态牡蛎壳腔容积的适宜方法,比较了排水法和称重法在测量圆形与长形等两种不同形态牡蛎体积中的异同。分别选取两种形状的牡蛎各9只,每个个体重复测量5次。结果表明,牡蛎形状对两种方法的测量结果有显著影响,但是形状和测量方法对测量精确度的影响不显著(P>0.05)。两种方法测得的壳腔容积结果相近,都能满足计算条件指数的要求,其中称重法的适用性更广。  相似文献   

The Role of Suspended Oyster Culture on Nitrogen Cycle in Hiroshima Bay   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Putth Songsangjinda  Osamu Matsuda  Tamiji Yamamoto  Narasimmalu Rajendran  Hajime Maeda 《Journal of Oceanography》2000,56(2):223-231

The predominance of bivalves affects the cycle of materials in the coastal ecosystem. In the present study, the role of suspended oyster culture on the nitrogen cycle was demonstrated for the northern Hiroshima Bay. The nitrogen cycle was considered as two systems, (1) the primary production (PP) system and (2) the oyster culture (OC) system. The results show that about 26% of N productivity was supplied to process by cultured oysters in the OC system. This process varies seasonally due to the seasonal variations of PON, physiological activities and biomass of oysters. The N processing rates were found to be high in summer and low in winter. The biodeposition and excretion of N in the OC system are 3.0 and 2.1 ton N d^–1, while the natural sedimentation rate and N regeneration in the PP system are 8.3 and 18.0 ton N d^–1, which indicates that the PP system is a major system regenerating N in the water column. The release of total dissolved N from the bottom to the water column is about 8.3 ton N d^–1. The amount of N harvested as oyster product was about 1.3 ton N d^–1, which is about 10% of daily N loading in north Hiroshima Bay. According to the N cycle developed in the present study, the results suggest the significant role of suspended oyster culture on the nitrogen cycle in Hiroshima Bay. In addition, our results indicate that oyster production was efficiently harvested, suggesting that oyster culture could probably be used as a tool to remove N from Hiroshima Bay.  相似文献   

Multi-technique approach to characterise the effects of cryopreservation on larval development of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas)     

S Suneja  AB Rusk  JR Morrish  HR Tervit  LT McGowan 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2014,48(3):335-349

Cryopreservation experiments were conducted on D-stage larvae of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) to investigate the effects of two cryoprotectant solutions and three cooling rates on larval development from 1 to 22 days post-fertilisation. Cryoprotectant solutions were made up to final concentrations (after 1:1 dilution with larvae) of 10% ethylene glycol, 1% polyvinylpyrrolidone and either 0.2 or 0.4 M trehalose. Three cooling rates (0.5, 1 and 2 °C min^?1 between ?10 and ?35 °C post-holding) were tested in an orthogonal design with the two cryoprotectants. Results indicate that control larvae out-performed all cryopreservation treatments for survival, feeding consumption and shell length parameters. However, larvae exposed to 0.4 M trehalose did considerably better than those exposed to 0.2 M trehalose, regardless of cooling rate conditions. Scanning electron and light microscopy observations were used to assess larval morphology and organogenesis, indicating that treatments with surviving larvae were morphologically and developmentally similar to control larvae.  相似文献   

香港牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)与长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)种间杂种遗传力评估   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张跃环  王昭萍  喻子牛  闫喜武 《海洋与湖沼》2014,45(6):1367-1373

以平衡巢式设计(1长牡蛎♂:3香港牡蛎♀)构建的45个香港牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)×长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)种间杂交家系为材料,对其生长、存活及产量性状狭义遗传力进行了评估,并对其两两对应性状表型相关及遗传相关进行了分析。结果表明:(1)生长性状的遗传力大小为0.6207—0.8785,以父系半同胞组内相关法估计的幼虫15日龄、稚贝180日龄、幼贝360日龄壳高遗传力分别为0.6355、0.4828、0.5787,其360日龄鲜重遗传力为0.7740;(2)存活性状的遗传力大小为0.2748—0.3957,以父系半同胞组内相关法估计的幼虫15日龄、稚贝180日龄、幼贝360日龄存活率遗传力分别为0.1900、0.2939、0.4064;(3)产量是生长与存活的共同作用结果,360日龄产量的遗传力及以父系半同胞组内相关法估计的遗传力分别为0.6706、0.5018。从其生长相关性上看,幼虫期与稚贝期出现了微弱负向相关;除了幼虫期与幼贝期的壳高及产量,及其稚贝期与幼贝产量间无相关性以外;其它的两两生长性状间均为显著正相关。从存活与产量的相关性上看,无论是表型性状,还是遗传性状均出现了积极的正相关,以遗传相关为主。本研究为建立远缘杂交育种方法和策略提供必要的理论依据。  相似文献   

长牡蛎dpp同源基因的克隆及其在贝壳发生中的功能研究     

刘刚  郇聘  刘保忠 《海洋科学》2014,38(9):7-12

dpp是转化生长因子β家族的重要成员,在胚胎发育中作为形态发生子参与体轴形成及附肢发育等过程。为了研究牡蛎dpp同源基因在贝壳发生中的作用,揭示贝壳发生的分子机理,作者克隆了一种长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)的dpp基因,命名为cgdpp。序列和进化分析显示,cgdpp分子中不同位点的氨基酸残基变异程度不同。作者用整装原位杂交的手段研究了dpp同源基因在长牡蛎早期发育中的表达情况。结果表明,dpp同源基因参与了从贝壳形成区开始分化到早期贝壳形成的全过程。在担轮幼虫(Trochophore)中,dpp同源基因似乎调控了贝壳的形状与扩张速度;在早期D形幼虫中,dpp同源基因表达量突然下降至痕量水平,并与贝壳发育区无明显的关联,提示dpp同源基因可能仅仅参与了贝壳的发生,不参与其进一步的发育过程。  相似文献   

Genome-wide survey and analysis of microsatellites in the Pacific oyster genome: abundance,distribution, and potential for marker development     

王家丰  亓海刚  李莉  张国范 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(1):8-21

Microsatellites are a ubiquitous component of the eukaryote genome and constitute one of the most popular sources of molecular markers for genetic studies. However, no data are currently available regarding microsatellites across the entire genome in oysters, despite their importance to the aquaculture industry. We present the fi rst genome-wide investigation of microsatellites in the Pacifi c oyster Crassostrea gigas by analysis of the complete genome, resequencing, and expression data. The Pacifi c oyster genome is rich in microsatellites. A total of 604 653 repeats were identifi ed, in average of one locus per 815 base pairs(bp). A total of 12 836 genes had coding repeats, and 7 332 were expressed normally, including genes with a wide range of molecular functions. Compared with 20 different species of animals, microsatellites in the oyster genome typically exhibited 1) an intermediate overall frequency; 2) relatively uniform contents of(A)n and(C)n repeats and abundant long(C)n repeats(≥24 bp); 3) large average length of(AG)n repeats; and 4) scarcity of trinucleotide repeats. The microsatellite-fl anking regions exhibited a high degree of polymorphism with a heterozygosity rate of around 2.0%, but there was no correlation between heterozygosity and microsatellite abundance. A total of 19 462 polymorphic microsatellites were discovered, and dinucleotide repeats were the most active, with over 26% of loci found to harbor allelic variations. In all, 7 451 loci with high potential for marker development were identifi ed. Better knowledge of the microsatellites in the oyster genome will provide information for the future design of a wide range of molecular markers and contribute to further advancements in the fi eld of oyster genetics, particularly for molecular-based selection and breeding.  相似文献